Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Loss of developmentally derived Irf8+ macrophages promotes hyperinnervation and arrhythmia in the adult zebrafish heart

doi: 10.1101/2024.04.17.589909

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Cartoon depiction of the rack-compatible swim tunnel with metered flow. Following a 5-minute acclimation period within the tunnel, 12 mpf zebrafish were subjected to increasing flow rate intervals for a total of 1 hour. (B) Cartoon depiction of an ECG recording and a representative ECG trace from an anesthetized fish placed ventral-side up in a sponge surrounded by anesthesia solution. (C) Representative ECG traces for wild type and irf8 mutant zebrafish following the swim assay. Black arrows indicate unique electrical disturbances occurring above any baseline noise. (D) Percentage of fish with an abnormal electrical event during the ECG recording. Male n = 7 per genotype, ****p < 0.0001. Female n = 4-8 per genotype, ****p < 0.0001. Fisher’s exact test. (E) Categorization of ECG abnormalities observed throughout all wild type and irf8 mutant fish.

Article Snippet: To record electrical impulses, we used the CardioPhys TM ECG system (World Precision Instruments), which included a low-noise gold ECG probe, micromanipulator, bio-amplifier and ground electrode, in combination with the PowerLab 2/26 data acquisition unit (ADInstruments, PL2602).

Techniques: Mutagenesis

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Loss of developmentally derived Irf8+ macrophages promotes hyperinnervation and arrhythmia in the adult zebrafish heart

doi: 10.1101/2024.04.17.589909

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Cartoon depiction of an adult zebrafish undergoing an echocardiogram with the transducer in the long-axis (LAX) position. Echocardiograms were performed on unchallenged fish. (B) Cartoon of an adult zebrafish heart from the perspective of the echocardiography recording, denoting the atrium (A), atrioventricular (AV) valve, ventriculobulbar (VB) valve, and bulbus arteriosus (BA). The boxes around the AV valve and VB valve depict the gating strategies to determine inward flow and outward flow of blood from the ventricle. (C) Still image from an adult zebrafish echocardiography recording with the ventricle and bulbus arteriosus outlined in red. (D) Representative echocardiogram trace gating on the AV valve with the early filling (E) wave, late filling (A) wave, diastasis time, isovolumic contraction time (IVCT), aortic ejection time (AET), and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) labeled. (E-G) Quantifications of IVRT (E), AET (F), and pressure within the VB valve (G) in male and female wild type and irf8 mutant fish at 6 and 12 mpf. Male n = 10-21 per genotype and timepoint. Female n = 9-14 per genotype and timepoint. Each point represents individual beats per fish. 8-10 beats were analyzed per fish. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001. (H) Quantification of heart in male and female wild type and irf8 mutants. (I) Representative echocardiogram traces from a wild type and irf8 mutant recording. (J-M) Quantification of diastasis time in wild type males (J) and females (K) at 6 mpf and 12 mpf, as well as diastasis time in irf8 mutant males (L) and females (M) at 6 mpf and 12 mpf. A Gaussian distribution was created by analyzing 8 beats per sample and grouping diastasis duration in defined increments. Male n = 10-21 per genotype and timepoint. Female n = 9-14 per genotype and timepoint. Horizontal bars represent the range of diastasis duration. (N-O) 95% confidence interval of the average diastasis time durations in wild type (gray) and irf8 mutant (blue) males (N) and females (O).

Article Snippet: To record electrical impulses, we used the CardioPhys TM ECG system (World Precision Instruments), which included a low-noise gold ECG probe, micromanipulator, bio-amplifier and ground electrode, in combination with the PowerLab 2/26 data acquisition unit (ADInstruments, PL2602).

Techniques: Labeling, Mutagenesis

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Loss of developmentally derived Irf8+ macrophages promotes hyperinnervation and arrhythmia in the adult zebrafish heart

doi: 10.1101/2024.04.17.589909

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Cartoon depiction of the rack-compatible swim tunnel with metered flow. Following a 5-minute acclimation period within the tunnel, 12 mpf zebrafish were subjected to increasing flow rate intervals for a total of 1 hour. (B) Cartoon depiction of an ECG recording and a representative ECG trace from an anesthetized fish placed ventral-side up in a sponge surrounded by anesthesia solution. (C) Representative ECG traces for wild type and irf8 mutant zebrafish following the swim assay. Black arrows indicate unique electrical disturbances occurring above any baseline noise. (D) Percentage of fish with an abnormal electrical event during the ECG recording. Male n = 7 per genotype, ****p < 0.0001. Female n = 4-8 per genotype, ****p < 0.0001. Fisher’s exact test. (E) Categorization of ECG abnormalities observed throughout all wild type and irf8 mutant fish.

Article Snippet: To record electrical impulses, we used the CardioPhys TM ECG system (World Precision Instruments), which included a low-noise gold ECG probe, micromanipulator, bio-amplifier and ground electrode, in combination with the PowerLab 2/26 data acquisition unit (ADInstruments, PL2602).

Techniques: Mutagenesis

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Loss of developmentally derived Irf8+ macrophages promotes hyperinnervation and arrhythmia in the adult zebrafish heart

doi: 10.1101/2024.04.17.589909

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Cartoon depiction of an adult zebrafish undergoing an echocardiogram with the transducer in the long-axis (LAX) position. Echocardiograms were performed on unchallenged fish. (B) Cartoon of an adult zebrafish heart from the perspective of the echocardiography recording, denoting the atrium (A), atrioventricular (AV) valve, ventriculobulbar (VB) valve, and bulbus arteriosus (BA). The boxes around the AV valve and VB valve depict the gating strategies to determine inward flow and outward flow of blood from the ventricle. (C) Still image from an adult zebrafish echocardiography recording with the ventricle and bulbus arteriosus outlined in red. (D) Representative echocardiogram trace gating on the AV valve with the early filling (E) wave, late filling (A) wave, diastasis time, isovolumic contraction time (IVCT), aortic ejection time (AET), and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) labeled. (E-G) Quantifications of IVRT (E), AET (F), and pressure within the VB valve (G) in male and female wild type and irf8 mutant fish at 6 and 12 mpf. Male n = 10-21 per genotype and timepoint. Female n = 9-14 per genotype and timepoint. Each point represents individual beats per fish. 8-10 beats were analyzed per fish. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001. (H) Quantification of heart in male and female wild type and irf8 mutants. (I) Representative echocardiogram traces from a wild type and irf8 mutant recording. (J-M) Quantification of diastasis time in wild type males (J) and females (K) at 6 mpf and 12 mpf, as well as diastasis time in irf8 mutant males (L) and females (M) at 6 mpf and 12 mpf. A Gaussian distribution was created by analyzing 8 beats per sample and grouping diastasis duration in defined increments. Male n = 10-21 per genotype and timepoint. Female n = 9-14 per genotype and timepoint. Horizontal bars represent the range of diastasis duration. (N-O) 95% confidence interval of the average diastasis time durations in wild type (gray) and irf8 mutant (blue) males (N) and females (O).

Article Snippet: To record electrical impulses, we used the CardioPhys TM ECG system (World Precision Instruments), which included a low-noise gold ECG probe, micromanipulator, bio-amplifier and ground electrode, in combination with the PowerLab 2/26 data acquisition unit (ADInstruments, PL2602).

Techniques: Labeling, Mutagenesis

Journal: Heart rhythm : the official journal of the Heart Rhythm Society

Article Title: Using Skin Sympathetic Nerve Activity to Estimate Stellate Ganglion Nerve Activity in Dogs

doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.02.012

Figure Lengend Snippet: Apamin increases nerve activities and heart rate (Protocol 1). A shows the actual recording made in Dog D after apamin injection, showing elevated heart rate (HR), along with the elevation of right stellate ganglion nerve activity (RSGNA), skin nerve activity from Lead-I (SKNA-I), skin nerve activity from Lead II (SKNA-II), skin nerve activity from right chest bipolar lead (SKNA-R) and left chest bipolar lead (SKNA-L). The ECG was from the same recording obtained from SKNA-I, but low pass filtered at 100 Hz. B shows correlation between integrated nerve activities recorded from different locations, and between integrated nerve activities and heart rate. Each filled circle represents the average of nerve activity and heart rate over a onemin window. A positive correlation was found in each comparison, but 3 of them (iRSGNA vs iSKNA-L, HR vs iSKNA-R and HR vs iSKNA-L) were statistically insignificant. The strongest correlation was found between iRSGNA and iSKNA- I, followed by the correlation between HR with iRSGNA and between HR and iSKNA-I.

Article Snippet: CI confidence interval DSI Data Sciences International ECG electrocardiogram EMG electromyogram FFT fast Fourier transform HR heart rate SCNA subcutaneous nerve activity SG stellate ganglia SGNA stellate ganglion nerve activity SK small conductance calcium activated K SKNA skin nerve activity

Techniques: Injection, Activity Assay, Comparison

Journal: Heart rhythm : the official journal of the Heart Rhythm Society

Article Title: Using Skin Sympathetic Nerve Activity to Estimate Stellate Ganglion Nerve Activity in Dogs

doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.02.012

Figure Lengend Snippet: SKNA in ambulatory dogs (Protocol 2). The recording came from Dog I. The LSGNA was recorded by DSI D70EEE radiotransmitter, while the remaining nerve activities and ECG were recorded by the Iso-Damm-8 amplifier. All data were then digitized simultaneously by Digidata 1400a. A shows increased LSGNA activity was associated with increased SKNA and heart rate (arrows). B shows positive correlations among the nerve activities and the heart rate. The p values of all correlations were < 0.05. The best correlation was that between iLSGNA and iSKNA-L.

Article Snippet: CI confidence interval DSI Data Sciences International ECG electrocardiogram EMG electromyogram FFT fast Fourier transform HR heart rate SCNA subcutaneous nerve activity SG stellate ganglia SGNA stellate ganglion nerve activity SK small conductance calcium activated K SKNA skin nerve activity

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Heart rhythm : the official journal of the Heart Rhythm Society

Article Title: Using Skin Sympathetic Nerve Activity to Estimate Stellate Ganglion Nerve Activity in Dogs

doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.02.012

Figure Lengend Snippet: SKNA with wavelet filter in ambulatory dog I (same raw data as that used in Figure 3). Panel A shows the nerve activities after wavelet filtering. Note the elimination of the surface ECG artifacts by wavelet filtering. Panel B shows the correlations among nerve activities and heart rate (HR). Significant and positive correlations are present.

Article Snippet: CI confidence interval DSI Data Sciences International ECG electrocardiogram EMG electromyogram FFT fast Fourier transform HR heart rate SCNA subcutaneous nerve activity SG stellate ganglia SGNA stellate ganglion nerve activity SK small conductance calcium activated K SKNA skin nerve activity

Techniques: